A « monetarist » perspective on current equity markets

Global manufacturing PMI new orders reached a four-and-a-half-year high in September, consistent with an earlier rise in six-month real narrow money expansion to a February peak. A subsequent real money slowdown suggests a PMI reversal into early 2027, although the current indication is for cooling rather than significant weakness – see chart 1.

Chart 1

The global money numbers conceal a divergence between US strength and alarming real-terms contractions in Europe, Japan and Australia, with Chinese growth running at a modest level by its historical standards – chart 2. One implication is that the expected global slowdown will be led by the weak-money grouping, with the US and China showing resilience. Another is that the ECB and BoJ have already overtightened policy, while the US Fed may still be some way “behind the curve”.

Chart 2

The global real money slowdown was initially driven by an inflation boost from higher energy prices. Nominal money growth has fallen more recently, probably reflecting the initial impact of policy tightening – chart 3.

Chart 3

Six-month consumer price momentum will likely rebound in Q4, based on current commodity prices. US monetary exceptionalism, meanwhile, may be ending, with nominal money growth falling back in August. Global real money expansion, therefore, could slow further into year-end, in turn signalling darker economic prospects for mid-2027.

Chinese policy is an upside risk. A slowdown in exports as global growth cools could be the trigger for more substantive measures to boost domestic demand. Still, the full impact of any monetary pick-up probably wouldn’t land before mid-2027.

Eurozone narrow money weakness has been led by France and Italy – chart 4. Eurozone banks, meanwhile, have stopped buying French Treasuries. The French government’s 2027 deficit-reduction plan looks both insufficiently ambitious and unachievable ahead of the April / May presidential election. An economic / funding crisis may be brewing unless the ECB signals an earlier-than-expected end to policy restraint.

Chart 4

Global six-month real narrow money growth crossed below industrial output expansion in April, remaining lower in August. The change in “excess” money conditions has been reflected in upward pressure on bond yields and a stalling-out of equities, with the equal-weighted version of the MSCI World index recently falling below its end-February level.

The real money / output growth gap could remain at around its current level into year-end, with both components losing momentum. Historically, equity market performance has been correlated with the sign of the gap, with bond markets more sensitive to its rate of change. The suggested scenario, therefore, could be associated with a stabilisation of bond yields and disappointing equity returns.