The broad market in China now trades in line with the long-term average valuations. Which begs the question, is there any fuel left in this rally?

Chinese state-owned enterprises have driven market valuations to their long-term average

Note: MSCI weighted. Source: Jeffries, FactSet

Our kind of businesses remain cheap

Note: MSCI weighted. Source: Jeffries, FactSet

MSCI China private sector is trading at just 14x, close to the -1 standard deviation level and c.15% below the long-term average.

Prior to the recent rally, investors had abandoned quality names despite improving profitability, cheap valuations, increasing buybacks and dividends. We are now seeing start to reverse.

China quality now ahead year to date following years of underperformance

Source: NS Partners and LSEG

Improving returns are fuelling the rally

Source: Jeffries, FactSet. Note: Based on current MSCI ex-fin & REITs universe.

China’s electricity demand is scaling up rapidly, driven by AI, EVs, air conditioning and industrial upgrading. Renewables – especially solar and wind – are central to meeting this demand, with China uniquely positioned to scale capacity.

The rise of renewables necessitates a massive build-out of energy storage (30× increase by 2050) and grid infrastructure.

AI is a particularly powerful driver, with data centre electricity demand set to multiply several times over the next few decades. These trends are supported by robust investment and policy momentum, positioning China as the world’s largest “electrostate” by 2050.

Annual power capacity in major countries – China is on track to add over 500 GW of solar and wind capacity this year.

Source: Berstein and government data (2025)

With rising capacity and increasing penetration of renewables, a massive scale-up in energy storage capacity through batteries will be crucial to ensuring grid stability.

Company spotlight: Contemporary Amperex Technology (CATL) – the world’s largest battery maker

Contemporary Amperex Technology (CATL) is a vital player in providing energy storage to address power intermittency issues as China ramps up zero-carbon renewables. The company boasts a number of competitive strengths supporting sustainable earnings growth:

• CATL’s efficient production lines and scale enable it to be a cost leader with the highest GPM (20%) vs. peers.
• This advantage should be sustained as it continues to expand capacity and grow with its customers (Tesla, Chinese OEMs).
• The company is technologically ahead of the market, and its scale allows it to invest much higher absolute dollar into R&D.

You can see this dynamic in the charts below, with increasing scale unlocking a sustainable R&D edge over the competition, while capex intensity falls and free cash flows improve.

Cash generation

Source: NS Partners and Bloomberg

Working capital

Source: NS Partners and Bloomberg

Pricing power and constant technological innovation through scale is becoming a moat that looks increasingly insurmountable for competitors around the world.

In April this year, CATL announced that it was developing fast-charge technology which can deliver 520km range in five minutes.

Source: Financial Times April 2025

This was followed in May by the unveiling of its Freevoy battery which boasts a 1500km range.

Source: Contemporary Amperex Technology Presentation May 2025.

Fears over weak demand for EVs dragging on battery pricing and trade war concerns have hit the stock in recent years. This is a high-quality company trading at a very reasonable valuation, trading at trough 14.6x fwd P/E multiple.

Source: NS Partners and Bloomberg

CATL is just one example of the kinds of opportunities on offer in China. The exodus of foreign investors from the market has left bargains everywhere among well-run, growing companies with lots of cash, next to no debt, with many buying back shares or announcing aggressive dividend plans.

Our portfolio is full of high-quality compounders across sectors trading at very attractive valuations. While it has been the value names, SOEs, small caps and high dividend stocks that have led the first phase of the China bull market, we think that the real gems in this phase on offer for investors remain cheap and look poised to outperform.

In our December 2024 commentary, we framed investing in Brazil as a high-stakes game of Blackjack. We argued that macro uncertainties such as fiscal deficits and political volatility were the low cards (2–6) which favoured the dealer. While these factors make for a daunting investment backdrop, our view was that these “cards” stood a chance of being dealt out as President Lula’s term progressed toward the 2026 elections. As a result, the proportion of high cards (10–Ace), being Brazil’s economic strengths and its reform potential, would start to rise and underpin an increasingly favourable set up for the player (investor).

Since our December post until August 2025, the deck has run down as October 2026 presidential elections in Brazil approach. As anticipated, the stakes are intensifying: Latin America’s 2025 electoral calendar is heating up, with presidential votes scheduled in Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador, and mid-term elections in Argentina, setting the stage for regional sentiment shifts that could influence outcomes in Brazil.

By the second quarter of 2026, we expect to have a good sense of the deck count and our chances of getting a Blackjack. It is likely that the “risk premium” for Brazilian equities has already peaked and will fall as early polls are released, candidates emerge and policy platforms take shape. This creates a unique window now for measured risk-taking as we await further confirmation on the above, selectively allocating chips (capital) to high-conviction hands where the asymmetry of risks favours the upside.

 Active equity fund redemptions decelerate

Source: Itau BBA (August 2025)

So far, our approach has been assertive but disciplined: avoiding high-rolling bets on speculative names in favour of quality opportunities. This has paid off handsomely so far, typified by outperformance in portfolio holdings like Vivara (a jewellery retailer) and SABESP (sanitation utility), delivering strong returns amid a resilient economy.

Brazilian water utility SABESP returns improving

Source: SABESP Q2 2025 investor presentation

Recent macro and political developments: Improving outlook, but risks linger

Since December 2024, Brazil’s economic resilience, despite the tension between tight monetary policy and loose fiscal policy, is undoubtedly a high card. GDP growth is moderating from 3.4% in 2024 to around 2.2–2.3% in 2025, as high interest rates start biting into activity. However, positives abound: unemployment hit record lows in mid-2025, inflation is easing (expected at 5.0% year-end) and the economy is positioned to weather Trump’s proposed 50% tariffs on non-US imports, thanks to exemptions for key commodities and diversified exports.

Politically, the deck is shifting favourably for investors seeking change. Lula’s approval rating has dipped amid unease over economic stability, with polls modelling runoffs showing him mostly behind right-wing figures like Tarcísio de Freitas (current governor of Sao Paulo State). Former president Bolsonaro himself is sidelined by legal troubles, reducing « anti-establishment » risks. The 2024 municipal elections saw gains for conservative candidates, signalling a potential 2026 swing toward market-friendly policies if a centre-right candidate consolidates support.

This echoes our original thesis: as Lula’s socialist term winds down, extreme pessimism over the economy should fade, creating a disconnect between strong company fundamentals and cheap equity valuations.

Core positions: Delivering as expected, with Q2 2025 earnings validation

Our core Latin American holdings have performed robustly, showcasing consistent top-line growth, improving returns (ROIC/ROE) and strong moats in defensive sectors. This validates our philosophy of steering clear of higher-risk names (e.g., leveraged cyclicals, where low margins and geopolitical exposure have led to underperformance amid prolonged high rates and global uncertainty). Initial signs of a softer local economy – for example, a Q2 retail slowdown – have hit speculative plays harder, reinforcing our quality focus.

The results from Q2 2025 underscore management prowess and support the view that our Brazilian names should be robust amid a volatile macro backdrop: top-line momentum (avg. +15% YoY) and ROIC/ROE improvements (avg. +2–3 pts). We are also excited about emerging opportunities as a “positive count” in the deck for Brazil, an opportunity to add some new names from our opinion list.

 Valuations in Brazil remain attractive

Source: Itau BBA (August 2025)

In a couple of months, our planned trip to the region (with a packed agenda) will allow on-the-ground validation, potentially enhancing conviction in existing and prospective portfolio companies.

Outlook: Calibrating bets as odds shift

As inflation cooling and political fragmentation dissipating act as low cards exiting the deck, the count could tilt toward investors. For now, play smart; global headwinds (Trump tariffs and a US slowdown) and domestic fiscal risks could bust hands. We remain focused on quality amid depressed valuations and are keeping eyes on the 2026 Ace: a conservative presidential win that could unlock multi-baggers. Stay tuned for post-trip updates; this game is far from over.

South Korean equities have been on a rollercoaster over the past few years. In early 2024, we saw exuberance fuelled by the announcement of the Corporate Value-Up program. Many were hoping the country was shaping up to follow in the footsteps of Japan – Super-cheap Korean equities rally on market reform talks

Hopes were shattered by disgraced former president Yoon’s attempt to impose martial law in December – South Korea rocked by president’s attempt to impose martial law

While the situation was precarious, South Korean institutions held firm and Yoon now sits in a Seoul detention centre awaiting trial while Democratic Party leader Lee Jae-Myung decisively won a June snap election on a platform of corporate governance reforms.

South Korean equities rally

Korean equities surged around the election, led by financials and technology stocks. We gradually lifted our underweight exposure to neutral and then a modest overweight through the first half of 2025, leaning into the promise of revisions to the Commercial Law Act and Lee’s support of the Value-Up program.

Source: LSEG Datastream

In our view, a series of policy initiatives pushed by the Lee administration have the potential to lift a host of beaten-down domestically focused names, outlined below.

Supporter of Value-Up

Despite being launched by Lee’s then opposition, his party is a supporter of Value-Up. The initiative, modelled on the Tokyo Stock Exchange reforms aims to narrow the « Korea Discount » by enhancing corporate governance, capital efficiency, and shareholder returns.

By publishing Value-Up plans and following through, Korean companies can access Korean Exchange fee exemptions, gain priority in investor relations events, and other awards to enhance market visibility. Taking these steps will also help to better align South Korean governance standards with global best practice, and in turn attract foreign capital and boost valuations.

Commercial Act revision

The Lee government quicky jumped into action to push through revisions to the Commercial Act, which align with the aims of Value-Up. In early July a revised version of the Commercial Act amendment was passed with support from both the Democratic Party and the conservative opposition as a compromise. This version:

1. mandates that directors balance corporate and shareholder interests;
2. requires electronic shareholder meetings for large listed companies (market cap over 2 trillion won, ~$1.5 billion); and
3. prohibits rejecting cumulative voting requests to empower minority shareholders.

The Cabinet approved these amendments on July 15, 2025, signalling their imminent implementation.

Encouraging more equity investment and less speculative investment in housing

The government is also intent on pushing for a shift in the balance of household wealth (approximately 70% of household assets) from real estate to equities. President Lee’s aim is to channel liquidity away from housing speculation to promote greater stability in the Korean economy, and redirect capital into equities. The idea is that this will fuel investment in more productive sectors such as technology and defence in order to stimulate innovation and economic growth.

Value-Up and revisions to the Commercial Act are key levers to encourage this shift by households into domestic stocks.

Excess liquidity provides fuel for stock market rallies

Source: CLSA

Fiscal loosening

The government is also taking direct action to counter stagnant economic growth. In June the government proposed a KRW30.5 trillion supplementary budget, representing 0.9% of GDP, with KRW10 trillion to be handed out as cash for consumption (equivalent to around USD100-350 per person depending on income).

Portfolio – financials exposure boosted

Our portfolio names in financials and technology in South Korea have rallied this year on hopes for President Lee Jae-Myung’s reform platform. Our position in Samsung Life is a beneficiary of the Value-Up program, and rose 67.7% in USD terms through the second quarter alone on expectations reforms will force the disposal of company holdings in affiliated companies. Samsung Life selling its position in Samsung Electronics would trigger a huge one-off gain which will free up cash to be re-deployed into more productive uses and boost returns on equity. We trimmed Samsung Life to rotate into laggard DB Insurance, which is cheaper and in our view, has greater upside catalysts, being yet to announce Value-Up plans.

Leading bank KB Financial was another strong performer, reporting robust profit growth along with a surprise share buyback and cancellation as well as a higher dividend. The bank trades on a modest 0.7x price to book with a return on equity of 9.7% and rising, as well as a 4% dividend yield.

KB Financial driving ROE higher

Source: KB Financial Q1 2025

… while buybacks continue

Source: KB Financial Q1 2025

… and dividends increase

Source: KB Financial Q1 2025

KB also looks set to benefit from planned fiscal loosening by the Lee government and falling central bank rates boosting loan growth.

More to come?

Shareholder and political pressure on South Korean corporates to address their poor corporate governance records continues to build. Progress will no doubt be slow and incremental, but there is a lot of low hanging fruit the government can pursue including changes to capital, dividend and capital gains taxes to encourage investment and reform simultaneously.

Success in these efforts could well be the basis for a full market re-rating.

We have written extensively in recent months on how monetary and currency signals may be hinting that we are on the cusp of a “virtuous circle” for performance in EM equities. For any who missed it, a few recent pieces below:

Implications of Asian currency tremors

‘Beautiful’ tariffs and the end of exceptionalism

Are emerging markets on the cusp of a ‘virtuous circle’?

This is the most bullish we have been on the outlook for emerging market equities in over a decade.

Recent momentum has been positive, with MSCI EM up 9% to the end of May, part of a broader upswing in markets outside of the United States.

MSCI Price Indices
USD Terms, 31 December 2024 = 100

Source: LSEG Datastream

Macquarie Capital investment strategist Viktor Shvets wrote earlier this month that, in May, EM excluding China recorded the largest net inflow since December 2023. India ($2.3 billion), Taiwan ($7.6 billion) and Brazil ($2 billion) received the largest flows, helping to buck a trend of selling through 2024 and early 2025.

EM ex-China Net Foreign Flows (US$ bn) – strong flow reversal

Source: Bloomberg; Macquarie Global Strategy (May 2025)

Persistent negative outflows over the past decade from EM into the United States have driven what by many measures is an unprecedented valuation gap.

US relative to the rest of the world forward PE and dividend yield

Source: CLSA (April 2025)

Some premium is no doubt deserved given stronger US growth versus the rest of the world post-GFC, along with a better environment for capital and innovation. However, such extreme valuations imply lofty relative future growth expectations and leave US equities vulnerable to negative catalysts.

As John Authers wrote in his Points of Return column for Bloomberg:

Ultimately, EMs benefit most from the decline of US exceptionalism, giving central banks room to cut rates, as noted by Points of Return, and letting fiscal authorities spend without worrying about tanking the currency.

In a world where no one is exceptional, as Macquarie’s Shvets puts it, EMs are no longer penalized. At best, he calls the fall of American exceptionalism a process, not a collapse — creating conditions for a gradual rise in US risk premia while avoiding disorderly asset repricing. Investors will continue narrowing spreads between US and non-US assets, supporting EMU and Japan. Ditto for EMs, especially those with stronger secular drivers, with India, Korea, and Taiwan standouts.

Currency tailwind for EM


Source: NS Partners & LSEG

Winners and losers

Despite being caught up in Liberation Day tariff chaos, MSCI China has returned 13.1% over the same period. Since 2023, China has been one of the strongest equity markets in the world. Despite the rally, valuations in many of the high-quality businesses that we like remain modest.

Source: Jefferies (March 2025)

Having led the way for EM over the last few years, Indian stocks returned just 3% as sentiment moderates.

South Korea bounced 18.7% as domestic political risks eased following the impeachment of former president Yoon Suk Yeol following his failed attempt to impose martial law in December 2024. Former opposition leader Lee Jae-myung was elected to the presidency in early June and will immediately grapple with a contracting economy which has been hit further by US tariffs.

Taiwan has been a laggard, its market flat over the period which includes the DeepSeek shock that hit AI supply chain stocks on fears of lower demand for the hardware used to power the technology.

Stocks in Southeast Asia are yet to fire this year despite being beneficiaries of a falling USD and improving global liquidity. Perhaps investors remain fearful that these smaller, open trading economies risk getting trampled at the feet of the two fighting elephants in the United States and China. In a meeting with our CIO Ian Beattie earlier this year in London, Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar explained what a difficult position his country is in. China is Malaysia’s biggest trading partner and second largest investor, while the United States is its largest investor and second largest trading partner! If trade tensions between China and the United States cool, then these markets should soar.

Elsewhere, South African stocks have boomed, rising 24.4% powered in part by the country’s gold miners, along with a tentative improvement in politics under the ruling national ANC/DA coalition.

Brazil and Mexico have largely avoided president Trump’s ire and have rallied despite challenging political and economic backdrops, up 20.0% and 28.3% respectively.

Huge rallies in Greece (47.5%) and Poland (43.3%) have been driven by a powerful cocktail of geopolitical realignment between Europe and the United States and fiscal stimulus combined with cheap valuations. The most notable catalyst has been Germany’s dramatic policy shift under Chancellor Friedrich Merz. His government has proposed a sweeping €500 billion infrastructure investment plan and a major increase in defence spending. Crucially, the proposal includes exempting defence expenditures exceeding 1% of GDP from the constitutional “debt brake,” a move that would allow for significantly more fiscal flexibility.

Turkey bucked the trend (-15%), the market tanking on news President Erdogan jailed a political rival on trumped up corruption charges. The portfolio is zero-weight Turkey, and we are not tempted by ever cheaper valuations while Erdogan threatens the rule of law.

Finally, the GCC was a mixed bag with Saudi Arabia (-5.2%) hit by a weaker oil price, while the UAE (14.9%) was much stronger.

Caveat

Monetary data in the United States had been signalling a slowdown this summer, and this is now likely to be exacerbated by tariffs with a muted recovery in the latter half of 2025. The best-case scenario for EM at present would be contained US economic weakness, a slowdown in underlying inflation and a sustained pace of rate cuts. The story would be one of a late-cycle catch-up in EM performance, as illustrated by the table below.

Stockbuilding cycle & markets: EM, small caps, industrial commodities lagging – catch-up potential?

Source: LSEG Datastream, own calculations / dating, as at 2 June 2025

We would expect EM to underperform in a hard-landing scenario, although this might be temporary given the lack of prior outperformance, followed by a strong early cycle phase. The chart from CLSA below shows prior phases of early cycle outperformance.

Emerging equities are an early cycle play: EM equity outperformance phases post US recessions

Source: CLAS, MSCI, NBER

Mexico’s scorching rally belies deteriorating institutional quality

Ducking US tariffs and in prime position to benefit from US friendshoring, Mexico has been one of the top performing emerging markets this year. Strong stock picking in our portfolio allowed us to keep up despite an underweight to the country. However, we have used the rally as an opportunity to take profits and increase our underweight on a view that investors underestimate the impact of recent judicial elections.

In June last year we flagged the potential for Morena’s dominance in congressional and presidential elections to expose investors to rising institutional risks – Political risks in EM spike as Indian, South African and Mexican elections surprise:

Crucially for investors, AMLO and Morena are pursuing policies that could threaten Mexico’s institutions. Institutional quality is a key factor in determining whether a country moves up the economic development ladder. …

Investors fear that a strengthened mandate will allow Sheinbaum (or even an outgoing AMLO) to undermine judicial independence,and pursue plans to eliminate autonomous government agencies overseeing telecoms, energy and access to information, as well as weaken electoral supervisory bodies.

Morena under president Sheinbaum pushed ahead with an unprecedented judicial overhaul, with Mexican citizens voting in early June to elect judges including for the Supreme Court. As reported by Bloomberg on the 2nd of June – Mexico Judicial Election Sees 13% Turnout in Historic Vote:

The controversial election asked voters to pick judges among several thousand hopefuls which marked a first of its kind experiment for a large democracy. The judicial overhaul could give Sheinbaum broad influence over a revamped judiciary, the only branch of government the leftist Morena party does not control.

Critics of the process argue that this will undermine the rule of law by injecting more politics into legal and constitutional disputes.

Only 13% of registered voters turned out to participate, tasked with choosing between thousands of candidates, while accounting for specialties while selecting an equal number of men and women.

Politicising the selection of the judicial officers compromises Mexico’s separation of powers between the executive, congress and judiciary. This is a step backward as it undermines the institutional pluralism within the country’s system of government, where different power centres provide checks and balances and ways for the system to self-correct.

Regressive judicial reform coupled with a fragile economy hit by tariff uncertainty, falling remittances from a deteriorating US labour market and deportation fears is the basis for added caution.

Risks are to the downside for Mexico’s industrial production in 2025

Source: GBM (June 2025)

Exposure to Mexico in our portfolio is now c. 1% versus c. 2% for the benchmark.

Given the direction of travel in macro risk, we will debate whether to downgrade our country rating for Mexico further in the coming weeks. We are always seeking competition for capital in the portfolio, and in LatAm we are seeing interesting opportunities emerge in places like Argentina, Peru and Brazil, all competing for risk budget.

Currency intervention across Asia in recent weeks may be yet another signal that we are entering a new investment order. We have written to clients previously that a secular peak in the USD likely occurred at the end of 2022.

Looking back to previous peaks in the 1970s and 1980s under Nixon and Reagan respectively, the dollar provided a powerful signal to investors that the US economy was experiencing major distortions that would force policy intervention.

President Trump’s Liberation Day tariff shock is part of a broader play to reinvigorate the competitiveness of American manufacturing. Another key pillar of the strategy is the desire for a weaker dollar. We are now starting to see this play out in Asian currency markets.

The most dramatic moves were in the Taiwan dollar, which surged by 9% over two trading days, reaching three-year highs and logging its sharpest daily gains since at least 1981.

East Asia currencies vs US dollar
31 December 2024 = 100
Source: NS Partners and LSEG (May 2025)

Currency tremors may signal the start of a broader shift in global capital that could have big implications for which markets out- or underperform going forward. As the Financial Times reported in “The Coming Asian FX ‘avalanche’” (7th of May 2025) quoting Eurizon’s Stephen Jen:

“We have long warned about the ‘Avalanche’ risk for the dollar. There could be USD2.5 trillion worth of ‘snow’ in China and more from the likes of Taiwan, Malaysia and Korea, rising at a pace of USD500 billion a year – we conservatively guesstimate. Only a modest proportion of the very large trade surpluses these countries have earned have been repatriated back home, with the bulk of the export earnings being hoarded by exporters in USD deposits.

“Like in actual avalanches, ex-ante, many might dismiss the warnings, but ex-post, all would admit that it was an obvious risk. We are still waiting for more triggers, but we see the sharp sell-off in USDTWD this week from this Avalanche perspective. We predict there will likely be other sudden lurches lower in USDAsia in the coming quarters. Corrections in USDAsia could pacify the US, as Asia accounts for more than half of all US trade deficit, making this a fundamentally benign development, except for those caught long dollars.

“The overhang of liquid dollar holdings is just too large if the dollar weakens, the Fed cuts interest rates, and China stages a cyclical rebound. In other words, both the push and pull factors that kept the export earnings in dollars outside the home countries in the past years will potentially flip signs in the coming quarters. At the same time, many of those holding long-dollar exposures know very well that the dollar is over-valued.”

Emerging markets love a falling dollar, which is an environment we’ve not seen in over 13 years.

Source: LSEG Datastream

Historically, this has seen EM outperform DM, while the winners and losers within the asset class also rotate. For instance, while the strong dollar environment typically favoured EM exporters, a weak dollar would be a shot in the arm for domestic consumers.

Other markets which could surge are those which the United States permits to manage their currencies against a falling dollar by easing monetary policy. There are a number of other smaller EM economies with managed exchange rates which could enjoy surging liquidity that feeds bull markets in financial assets.

The cleanest example of this currency-liquidity transmission is the Hong Kong dollar peg. When the USD falls, the Hong Kong Monetary Authority intervenes to maintain the HKD peg by buying USD and selling HKD, increasing HKD supply. This surge in liquidity lowers interest rates, stimulates economic activity and can lead to higher asset prices (and inflationary pressures).

Our liquidity analysis should be a powerful tool for identifying the risks of both booms and busts if this trend continues.

It’s all about pricing power for the export winners

While exporter stock prices may pop in the coming months on better tariff news, currency dynamics could be important drivers of future outperformance. Let’s use Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) as an example at the stock level. The company has previously given clear guidance that every 1% of appreciation in the TWD against the USD is a 0.4 ppt hit to OPM. We roughly model this impact out below to illustrate the currency risk to earnings:

EPS	Q1 25a	Q2 25e	Q3 25e	Q4 25e	2025	Implied PE	Implied share price with 17x	Fr current share px
Consensus	13.9	14.8	15.7	15.5	60.0	15.4	1019	11%
FX Impact (10%+)	13.9	13.7	12.7	12.1	52.4	17.5	891	-3%
FX Impact (15%+)	13.9	13.1	12.1	11.5	50.6	18.2	861	-6%
FX Impact (20%+)	13.9	12.5	11.5	10.9	48.8	18.8	830	-10%

If we assumed a further appreciation of TWD/USD to 25 – a 20% appreciation from where TSMC recently guided (when TWD/USD was 33) – the hit to TSMC’s EPS is around 23%.

If we apply a mid-cycle PE (17x) to the company and factor in the earnings hit from the currency shift, that would take us to a stock price of TWD830 from the TWD950 at the start of May.

Adding to the risk is the unpredictability of tariffs negotiations between the United States and Taiwan. Tariffs above 20% on Taiwan semiconductor exports could be a meaningful hit to earnings. Perhaps authorities in Taiwan are allowing the TWD to appreciate as part of a pitch to avoid tariffs.

Mitigating the risks is TSMC’s immense pricing power. We believe robust demand will persist for the leading-edge chips enabling AI where it has a monopoly status. This positions TSMC to pass through a significant portion of price increases to its customers.

However, players in the more commoditised segments of the semiconductor industry which lack the moats and pricing power will be more vulnerable to hits from tariffs and currencies.

The end of “US exceptionalism” as an investment narrative, the value on offer in EM, and the potential for these maligned markets to enter a virtuous circle of performance are themes that we have been banging on about for months now.

While the unwinding of the “Trump trade” was in keeping with our outlook published to investors in past months, we clearly did not anticipate how the chaotic imposition of tariffs on “Liberation Day” would serve as such a potent accelerant.

This was a radical outcome

Markets expected a gradual and predictable rollout of tariff measures, but what we got was random and unpredictable. The economic fallout, should the 90-day tariff reprieve fail to yield de-escalation, will hit the United States harder than most other countries as the affected share of GDP is much higher. US goods imports alone are equivalent to c.11.5% of US GDP versus total bilateral trade (exports plus imports) with the US of 3.5–5.5% of respective GDPs in Japan, Europe and China.

Exports plus imports of goods as % of GDP
US – total, others – bilateral with US

Source: NS Partners and LSEG Datastream.

Unless there is a dramatic reversal, a return to protectionism threatens a supply shock in the United States, which will drive the price of many things higher and create shortages for many basic goods. This will be destructive for demand and ultimately deflationary unless the Fed accommodates the shock by increasing the money supply.

What is the tariff endgame?

Is President Trump willing to risk a financial crisis in the pursuit of reindustrialising America? Or is this all in the “Art of the Deal,” a negotiating tactic designed to secure better trade terms? Or is it about completely decoupling from and isolating China?

Uncertainty over the outcome sought, the potential fallout from American businesses pausing investment and consumers reining in spending are undermining sentiment for all US assets.

The soft economic underbelly of the United States is being exposed. Liberation Day saw the dollar falling along with bond and equity markets. This is how emerging markets are meant to behave on political risks spiking, and not the global market safe haven.

If Trump truly seeks a dramatic reduction in the US trade deficit, this will be accompanied by a reduction in the capital account surplus, meaning that foreign investors do not need to buy the same quantum of US assets as before.

The trouble is that a falling capital account surplus as foreigners repatriate funds (or simply invest less in US assets) puts upward pressure on government bond yields. It was persistent demand for US Treasuries irrespective of the fiscal profligacy of the government that allowed it to build up a debt pile of $36 trillion, with $9 trillion of that due to be refinanced this year.

So President Trump wants a weaker dollar to boost domestic manufacturers, but what to do about yields? The most simple solution will be financial repression, by forcing domestic financial institutions to increase their holdings of US Treasuries. Where do the funds come from for these purchases – from selling US equities perhaps?

The damage is done

Course corrections were inevitable. As former President Clinton’s political advisor James Carville famously said:

“I used to think that if there was reincarnation, I wanted to come back as the President or the Pope or as a .400 baseball hitter. But now I would want to come back as the bond market. You can intimidate everybody.”

President Trump backed down in the face of spiking bond yields with his 90-day tariff pause to everyone but China, but it is likely that damage has been done here that cannot be undone.

We may be in the early innings of a broader secular shift in markets. Our economist Simon Ward has asked whether this will be similar in magnitude to the dollar bear market sparked by President Nixon’s suspension of gold convertibility and imposition of tariffs in 1971.

While this could signal a rocky period ahead for US equities, a falling dollar flushes emerging markets with managed currency regimes with liquidity and allows central banks to cut rates.

Historically, this has been a good signal and driver of EM outperformance.

EM relative performance and USD

Source: NS Partners and LSEG Datastream.

Expect some unsettling trade headlines in the months ahead, but things could start to get very interesting for emerging markets fuelled by a falling dollar.

Portfolio strategy notes

High level

Tariffs will be deflationary if central banks do not accommodate them – see Smoot-Hawley tariffs in the 1930s which were massively deflationary. Compare and contrast the inflationary oil price shock in 1973 where the central bank accommodated, and the second oil price shock in 1979 which was not inflationary as the Fed under Volcker kept monetary policy tight. We do not expect Powell to accommodate.

It is likely that this will be a very deflationary event for the rest of the world as supply is diverted from the United States elsewhere resulting in downward pressure on rates.

We were already relatively defensively positioned as money trends were suggesting a Q2/Q3 economic slowdown before trade war shock – this will be negative for US growth. Our expectation is for a short, sharp economic shock, but not a crisis (based on our cycles analysis).

Strategy

• Inflation boost from tariffs expected to be small/temporary – monetary backdrop still disinflationary
• Relative money trends positive for China/EM
• Excess money backdrop neutral/negative
• Favour more defensive exposure – underweight oil and commodities
• Favour interest rate sensitive countries and companies
• Falling dollar beneficiaries
• Highly cyclical markets downgraded – especially consumer cyclical exposure
• Avoid exporters with high exposure to the United States
• China consumer – stimulus to step up as tariff response